1. Reptiles are often called heliotherms because they:
a) Regulate body temperature using solar radiation
b) Regulate body temperature using water
c) Regulate body temperature using air
d) Regulate body temperature internally
Answer: a) Regulate body temperature using solar radiation
2. What is the typical structure of the exoskeleton in reptiles?
a) Dry epidermal scales
b) Wet epidermal scales
c) Feathers
d) Fur
Answer: a) Dry epidermal scales
3. How does the endoskeleton of reptiles compare to that of amphibians?
a) It is less bony
b) It is more cartilaginous
c) It is more completely bony
d) It is absent
Answer: c) It is more completely bony
4. How many occipital condyles does the reptilian skull typically have?
a) None
b) One
c) Two
d) Three
Answer: b) One
5. How are the vertebrae differentiated in reptiles?
a) They are all the same
b) They are all different
c) They are gastrocentrous
d) They are not differentiated
Answer: c) They are gastrocentrous
6. What is the typical structure of reptilian limbs?
a) Long with five digits
b) Short with five digits
c) Short with three digits
d) Long with three digits
Answer: b) Short with five digits
7. Why are reptiles called "Reptilia"?
a) Because they can fly
b) Because they can swim
c) Because they can creep
d) Because they can crawl
Answer: c) Because they can creep
8. What are the sole respiratory organs in reptiles?
a) Gills
b) Lungs
c) Skin
d) Cloaca
Answer: b) Lungs
9. How many chambers does the reptilian heart typically have?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
Answer: a) Two
10. What type of kidneys do reptiles have?
a) Mesonephric
b) Metanephric
c) Pronephric
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Metanephric
11. How many pairs of cranial nerves do reptiles typically have?
a) 10
b) 12
c) 15
d) 20
Answer: b) 12
12. What is the characteristic feature of the reproductive system in male reptiles?
a) External copulatory organs
b) Internal copulatory organs
c) Cloaca
d) None of the above
Answer: a) External copulatory organs
13. What are the two characteristic membranes present in reptile eggs?
a) Amnion and chorion
b) Amnion and allantois
c) Chorion and allantois
d) Amnion and yolk sac
Answer: b) Amnion and allantois
14. What is the function of the amnion in reptile eggs?
a) Embryonic respiratory and excretory organ
b) Nourishment
c) Prevention of desiccation
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Prevention of desiccation
15. What is the significance of reptile eggs in vertebrate evolution?
a) They are laid and develop in water
b) They are the first true vertebrates
c) They are the first amniotes
d) They are laid and develop on land
Answer: d) They are laid and develop on land
